Treatment of a hepatitis. Hepatitis A.

Hepatitis A. The description of disease.

Hepatitises virus - the infectious diseases, described a primary lesion of the liver, proceeding with an intoxication and in some cases with an icterus. Are surveyed as some independent illnesses:

virus hepatitis A (a synonym: an infectious hepatitis, an infectious disease)
virus hepatitis B (a synonym a serumal hepatitis)
virus hepatitises "neither A, nor B"

Virus hepatitis A. The originator of hepatitis A (HAV) was opened in 1973 It is a fine virus with an one-spiral ribonucleic acid, without an environment, diameter about 27 nanometers. Possesses the species-specific antigen bound to an external environment (HA-Ag). The virus is rather steady in an environment. Perishes in boiling during 5 minutes It is reproduced in cells of a liver.

The Source of a contagium is the sick person. The virus is allocated from the infected organism with excrements in an incubation interval{a delitescence} and in the beginning of illness{disease}. At this particular time patients are most dangerous to associates. From 4-th week of illness the virus in excrements is not taped. Infection of healthy faces occurs through polluted water, food stuffs, subjects of use. The basic way of transfer of a virus - contact. The long carriage of a virus is not observed.

The Incubation interval - from 7 till 45 days, on the average 20-30 days. The acute icteric cyclic form with a cytolytic syndrome is most typical. At it allocate the following periods of illness: preicteric, icteric and the period of a reconvalescence.

the Preicteric period of a hepatitis lasts 5-7 days. The beginning of illness acute. The flu the similar syndrome, described a fervescence till 38-39, a cold fit, a headache, pains in muscles, the catarral phenomena from the top respiratory ways is most typical. A fever short-term - till 2-3 days.
The dyspeptic syndrome (depression of appetite, a bad acceptability of fat nutrition, a nausea, a vomiting, a heartburn, an eructation, gravity and dull aches in epigastric area and the right hypochondrium) Often prevails. Delicacy, fatigability, irritability, disturbance of a dream are observed also. In the end of the preicteric period the common condition improves. During same time urine gets dark painting, the dermal itch is sometimes marked.
Duration the icteric period of a hepatitis - from 3 till 25 days and more. Within 2-3 days the icterus accrues. First scleras and other mucosas, then a skin are painted. Intensity of an icterus basically corresponds to gravity of disease. Hemorrhagic enanthesises, nasal bleedings are possible.
Tongue is imposed, the liver is moderately enlarged and sensitive at a palpation. The augmentation of a lien is less often taped. Within 2-7 days the height of an icterus is observed, then its recession which 3-10 days last begins. Thus urine gradually brightens, the sizes of a liver decrease.
In the period of a reconvalescence the augmentation of the sizes of a liver, rising of activity of serumal enzymes are kept. These signs at uncomplicated disease regress within 1-3 months after disappearance of an icterus.

Complications are rare, the most serious - a hepatic coma. Probably also development of an agranulocytosis, a thrombocytopenia, a pancytopenia.

Treatment of a hepatitis. Hepatitis A.

Treatment of hepatitis A spend in conditions of an infectious hospital. Before disappearance of an intoxication and the expressed depression of a bilirubin the confinement to bed is shown, and after an extract from a hospital - restriction of an exercise stress within 3-6 months of Patients appoint a diet.

Apply perorally solutions of a glucose, Acidum ascorbinicum, vitamins of group In, plentiful drink. At serious disease solutions of a glucose, Haemodesum, polyionic solutions, Rheoglumanum, an albumin are shown intravenously.

The Forecast favorable. Lethal outcomes are rare. More often full convalescence is observed. At separate patients within 3-6 months the residual phenomena in the form of a hepatomegalia, disproteinemias are observed.

Preventive actions at virus hepatitis A are reduced to constant sanitary inspection behind work of the alimentary enterprises, catering services and water supply, excision of dross, destruction of flies. Protection of foodstuff and water sources against possible pollution by excrements has special importance.

The Basis of prophylaxis is made with the constant control over maintenance of the population with the disinfected water. In the epidemic center carry out medical observation over the faces which are in touch with ill (survey make not less often than an once in a week), and for children visiting preschool establishments, establish daily observation (a thermometry, the control over color of urine and a skin, definition of the sizes of a liver and a lien) within 35 days from the moment of isolation of last patient.

Had been ill by hepatitis A in 1 month after an extract from a hospital should be referred on a dispensary observation. At absence of the residual phenomena (taped clinically or laboratory methods) had been ill strike off the register, at their presence - observe not less than 3 months.

For preparation of given article materials of "The Medical encyclopedia" Russian Academy of Medical Science were used. Comments of the author are personal opinion and for objectivity do not apply. It is not recommended to use the given materials for independent treatment of hepatitis A.